LEGENDS - fox legend from Fukui

https://gokurakuparadies.blogspot.jp/2017/08/taizan-fukun-hell-king.html

Taizan Fukun 泰山府君 / 太山府君 King of Hell
Taizan-O 太山王（泰山王） King Taizan


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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Fukui 福井県　
遠敷郡 Onyū - Onyu district 名田庄村 Natashomura

Osaizangitsune おさいざん狐 a fox named O-Saizan
On a rock above the shrine 加茂神社 Kamo Jinja there lives a 白狐 white fox called O-Saizan. He/she is the protector of Taizan Fukun.
The 狐の火の玉 fire ball of the fox can fly from 天壇 the heavenly abode of Taizan Fukun all the way to this Kamo Shrine.

加茂神社 Kamo Jinja
福井県大飯郡おおい町名田庄納田終127-4



After the Ōnin War 応仁の乱 Onin no Ran in 1467, members of 土御門家 the clan of Tsuchimmikado (from a branch-family of Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005)) fled here. They were strong believers in the power of Kamo Jinja shrine in Kyoto and spread the belief in this shrine in the region.
In the village there are still many thatched-roof houses that have retained their form for centuries.


. Tsuchimikado, Tsuchi no Mikado 土御門天皇 (1196 – 1231) .
- reigned from 1198 to 1210.
- and the famous Onmyōji, Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005)

. Kyoto - The Kamo Shrine complex .
Shimogamo Shrine 下鴨神社 and Kamigamo Shrine 上賀茂神社


. kitsune densetsu 狐　伝説 fox legends .

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. Pilgrimages to Fudo Temples 不動明王巡礼
Fudo Myo-O Junrei - Fudo Pilgrims - INTRODUCTION .


. Japan - Shrines and Temples - Index .


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- - #taizanfukun -
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Fwd: [Kappa - The Kappapedia] onigokko onibarai

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
- for tsuina, see below -
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onigokko, oni-gokko 鬼ごっこ game of tag
onigoto 鬼ごと

Tag is a playground game that involves two or more players chasing other players in an attempt to "tag" or touch them, usually with their hands.
This game was already popular in the Edo period, in a version called :
ko o toro ko toro 子をとろ子とろ / 子を捕ろ子捕ろ "get hold of a child, get it!"


守貞漫稿 Morisada Manko

One player is the Oni, one is the parent and all the others are children. The children try to hide behind the parent. The Oni tries to grab the last child in line. The parent spreads out his arms and tries to ward off the Oni.
As they run, the row of children begins to sway like a serpent or a whirlpool.


source : Waseda University Library

幼童遊び子をとろ子とろ osana asobi ko o toro ko toro
歌川広重 Utagawa Hiroshige

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This game has a long history, all the way to Hell,
where 地蔵菩薩　Jizo Bosatsu is trying to lead the poor souls out of hell, past the Oni guardian.



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During the Heian period, there was a ritual at the court called
onibarai no gishiki 鬼払いの儀式 "driving out the demons"
oniyarai 鬼遣らい
which is seen as the beginning of Onigokko.
This ritual was performed as a prayer for 五穀豊穣 gokoku hojo, the fertility of the five grains and thus a good harvest.
It was a ritual do drive out eki oni, eki ki 疫鬼（えきき）〔エキオニ〕 Oni bringing disease.

There was also a chasing game called
hifukume　ひふくめ　－ ヒ＋フ＋クメ : One Two and Three
久米（来目）とは「三（みつ）.hi fu kume

- quote -
In the beginning of the Heian period, Hososhi who appears and runs around at new year eve's court function "Oni-yarai" in the greater palace is considered the origin of any stories about "Oni", which stands for a devil. His manner reminds us of the familiar "Onigokko" that the "Oni" chases children, while "Oni" is emphasized with objection, it is overlapped as one of the old "Onigokko" named "Kakure-Oni" (Hidden Oni).

By contrast, in the Edo period, there was "Hifukume" who appears in Kottoshu, Santokyo-den (an old literature).

In the middle of Heian period, when a Buddhist monk called Eshin Sozu Genshin preaches people, he used a format that Jizo Bosatsu protects against "Oni" who chases children.
Whether or no, these three elements of "Parent", "Children", "Oni" hold an important fact in the game, and it is easy to imagine that the game was spread around for the children naturally.

And now, "Hifukume" comes down to "Kotoro kotoro" more than it was expected.


Here is a picture of a swallow playing "Kotorokotoro", drawn by Hiroshige Ando, from late Edo period when Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) established one culture. It is a surprising fact that Ukiyoe artist Hiroshige drew it, but fresh looking swallow's faces are attractive.

There is almost no children who know about "Kotorokotoro" as a game nowadays. I have a sense of crisis about the situation that "Onigokko" which came down from the Heian period and in which parents protect children, or "Onigokko" that is a tool to know community and the way of contacting people to people is disappearing even though it is a most well-known one.


- Internatinal Onigokko Association - Onigotter Japan -
- reference source : onigokko.or.jp - 鬼ごっこ協会公式へようこそ

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. Genshin　源信　Eshin Soozu 恵心僧都 Eshin Sozu (942-1017).


. Oni yarai 秩父神社の鬼やらい Driving out the Demons at Chichibu Shrine .
oniyarai, oni-yarai 鬼やらい

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tsuina 追儺 "demon exorcism"
Devil-Expelling Ceremony


source : takara.city.matsumoto.nagano.jp
Tsuina mask from Matsumoto, Nagano
from the temple 牛伏寺


tsuina rituals were performed by the Emperor and the royal princes since the early Heian period at the court and important Shrines on 大晦日（旧暦12月30日 the last day of the Old Year, the 30th day of the 12th lunar month.
They were also called
onibarai no gishiki 鬼払いの儀式, 「oniyarai, oni yarai 鬼やらい」（鬼遣らい、鬼儺などとも表記）
「nayarai, na yarai 儺（な）やらい」

Setsubun has its origins in tsuina (追儺), a Chinese custom introduced to Japan in the eighth century.
. Setsubun rituals 節分、February 03　 .

hoosooshi, hōsōshi 方相氏（ほうそうし）Hososhi, demon exorcist
ootoneri 大舎人（おおとねり））
shinshi 侲子（しんし） helping the Hososhi

The Hososhi wears a special robe called hoo 袍（ほう) and a mask with four eyes.


source : popeye.sakura.ne.jp/kyoto
mask amulet from Shrine 吉田神社 Yoshida Jinja
The Hososhi with the original golden mask with four red eyes was not only driving out the demons, but also the 疫神 Deity who brought illness.
In his right hand he held 矛 a three-pronged lancet, in the left hand 楯 a shield.
The demons were followed by men with bows and arrows to drive them out.

In the beginning the Hososhi was expelling the demons, but since the 9th century, things begun to change and he was seen as the Oni to be driven out.

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吉田神社追儺 Yoshida Jinja no Tsuina

- quote -
Eliminating Demons, Praying for Happiness
"Tsuina-shiki" at Yoshida Jinja Shrine in Kyoto
"Tsuina-shiki" or a traditional ceremony for warding off evil was held the evening of February 2, the eve of "Setsubun," or the day before spring begins, at Yoshida Jinja Shrine, in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto. Watching violent demons being exorcized in the bitter chill, visitors prayed for happiness this year.

Tsuina-shiki
has its roots in the ceremony originally performed in the Imperial Court during the Heian Period. Also called "Oni Yarai," it is observed in many temples and shrines around the day of "Setsubun."
Shortly after 6:00 p.m.,
three demons, which symbolize anger, sorrow and agony, appeared in front of the main shrine. As they roared and brandished iron clubs, young children's cries rang from among the visitors. "Hososhi," or a person who is believed to possess the power to discern evil demons with his four eyes, hunted the demons down. Finally, visitors cheered excitedly as court nobles drove them off by shooting arrows.
- source : e.kyoto-np.jp/news... -



onna setsubun 女節分Setsubun for women

. Yoshida Jinja 吉田神社 - Kyoto .

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- quote -
- - - - - Oni
... According to Zeami's Fushikaden, oni appearing in Noh drama are either vengeful spirits (onryō) who possess human beings, or demons of hell. As the visible forms of oni were represented as misshapen and weird beings, popular iconography of oni was influenced by graphic portrayals of hell demons and "hungry ghosts," as well as by the four-eyed Chinese zhuīnuó (Jp. tsuina) masks worn by the demon exorcists called fangxiàng (Jp. hōsōshi).
Such rites of "demon exorcism" or tsuina were incorporated into the Buddhist rites of Shushōe and Shunie (Omizutori) held early in the New Year; these rites featured exorcisms of demons using the power of Buddhist tutelaries such as Bishamon and heavenly bodhisattvas (hiten).
These rites became popular observances on the last day of winter (setsubun), and resulted in the formation of stereotypical demon images such as Shutendōji.
- source : Kawamura Kunimitsu, Kokugakuin 2005 -

During the tsuina rituals, people call out three times
oni yaroo 「鬼やろう」 (Demons get out!)
Especially in the Shrines of Kyoto, and the Heian Jingu .


source : discoverkyoto.com/event-calendar/february

... At 14:00, people representing warriors, onmyōji diviners, and the demon quelling oni Hōsōshi participate in the Daina no Gi, an exorcism once performed at the Imperial Palace in the Heian period. Men wearing fearsome ogre masks burst into the shrine and "terrorize" the assembled people from the courtyard, making their way to the main hall veranda where the oni leader does a victorious dance. However, shrine parishioners appear to banish the oni with lucky beans in a tradition called mamemaki (bean throwing), chasing them back out the shrine gates shouting "oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi" ("bad luck out, good luck in").
The Daina-no-Gi is a re-creating the Tsuina ceremony.

祭文が読み上げられると方相氏が前に進み、矛と盾を打ち、「鬼やろう」と３度繰り返します。
- reference and photos : milky.geocities.jp/kyotonosato/setubun -



方相氏（平安神宮） Hososhi from Heian Jingu


. Heian Jinguu 平安神宮 Shrine Heian Jingu - Kyoto .


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- quote -
The Ritual Firing of Arrows at the beginning of the year
..... The Azusa Yumi (catalpa wood bow) was an essential tool in Japanese Shamanism for excorcizing evil, and shooting ritual arrows was an important part of the Imperial Court`s New Year`s Eve Purification Rituals during the Heian Period- The Tsuina ( which was introduced from China).
- source : blog.alientimes.org... yabusame -

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- quote -
Tsuinashiki 追儺式　/　ついなしき
2 Hachiman-cho, Naka-ku, Hamamatsushi, Shizuoka
At Hachimangu Shrine in Naka Ward, Hamamatsu City, the Tsuinashiki is held on February 2nd every year. This ceremony, in which an embodiment of the gods called the housoushi drives out evil spirits that bring misfortune, was adopted from China, and as a reproduction of the ritual performed imperial court in the Heian Period, it is the basis of the modern day Setsubun.
... The Tsuinashiki begins with a Shinto ritual, following which red, blue, and yellow oni appear, rampaging through the grounds swinging around metal clubs.
... The housoushi (Hososhi) and the children supporting him, played by local children, chase the oni around the shrine grounds and drive them away. The housoushi is armed with a trident and shield, and wears a four-eyed mask and a red costume.

Finally,
a character representing an Imperial messenger fires an arrow called the tsuina from the top of the shrine into the grounds. This arrow drives away evil spirits, so the spectators bustle about the grounds trying to find it and pick it up.
- source : inhamamatsu.com/culture/cat627/2/tsuinashiki... -

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

................................................................................. Saga 佐賀県
藤津郡 Fujitsu district 太良町 Tara

In the town district 竹崎地区 Takezaki there is a special Demon ritual on the 5th and 6th day of the New Year.
Shusei-E Oni Matsuri 修正会鬼祭 / Hadaka matsuri 裸祭 "Naked Festival"
Young men not yet married gather in a meeting place called Oni no imiya 鬼之忌屋.
Men already married gather at the 宿老宿.
Among the young men four are selected as 鬼副（オンゼイ) Onizei.
They perform a Tsuina ritual, 鬼追い Onioi and special dances.



- quote -
Local legend has it that a force from the south once tried to invade Tara. The villagers wore demon masks to scare the intruders, and won the skirmish.
-
First Saturday and Sunday in January
Takezaki Avalokitesvara revision meeting oni festival (竹崎観世音修正会鬼祭 takezaki kanzeon shūseikai oni matsuri):
A hadaka matsuri at Takezaki Kanzeon temple wherein men dressed in loincloths try to stop a man dressed as an oni, who carries a box. The men then pull at the oni and shred the red kimono the oni wears. There is also a dance by boys in costumes.
- source : wikipedia -

- reference source : 竹崎観世音寺修正会鬼祭 -
Takezaki Kanzeon-Ji Shusho-E Oni Matsuri

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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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. eki oni 〔エキオニ〕// eki ki, eki-ki 疫鬼（えきき） Oni bringing disease .
Yakubyoogami 疫病神 Yakubyogami, Deity of Diseases // ekijin, yakujin 疫神


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source : ameblo.jp/onigokko-kyoukai/entry


. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

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千葉県 Chiba

During the Setsubun ritual of Onibabari 鬼払い driving out the demons,
there are three Oni, ao-oni 青鬼 Blue Demon, aka-oni 赤鬼 Red Demon and kuro-oni 黒鬼 Black demon.
People who take over the part of these three Oni will not experience and evil or bad influence, will not be called to the military and will not be the target of shooting. So there are many young men who want to become Oni during the Setsubun rituals.




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新潟県 Niigata 　笹神村 Sasakamimura 　

Once upon a time
the girls were playing tag. One of the girls felt a strange pain in her shin and when she looked, the flesh had split and she was almost bleeding. She tried to be brave and walked all the way to the bridge. At the bridge blood was suddenly flowinig out of her leg.
It must have been a kamaitachi かまいたち "sickle weasel".

. kamaitachi 鎌鼬 cut of the skin by a cold sucking wind .
- kigo for winter
and also a strange Yokai monster.


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
- reference - 鬼ごっこ　-

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 4/14/2017 01:27:00 pm

KAPPA - Go Nagai Demons

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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .
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Go Nagai 永井豪 Nagai Go - Demon Paintings



- quote -
Go Nagai
Born under the name Kiyoshi and growing up in a somewhat large family (he was 4th out of 5 brothers), Go Nagai has went from college student to internationally famous and genre creating integral piece of anime history.

Demons (デーモン, demon, or 悪魔, akuma)
or sometimes known as Devils, show up many times in Go Nagai's works, especially in the series Devilman, Demon Lord Dante, and Devil Lady. They are powerful beings with unique abilities and appearances.



- History
Demons ruled the earth in the ancient past millions of years ago. Living off their instincts they slaughtered one another for the sake of power. God came to exterminate the race from the Earth and sent his Angels to do so. Satan felt pity for the Demons and rebelled against God to save them. After a long battle the Demons were sent into hibernation until the time came for them to rise up and defeat God in the final battle. After they awoken they find pests called humans to have conquered their Earth. Therefore Satan and the Demons declare war on the humans. In Demon Lord Dante the Demons were the first intelligent tribe of humans to establish themselves on the prehistoric Earth. Using technology they fused themselves with machinery and dinosaurs to become the Devils they are today.

- Biology
Proned to violence Demons are aggressive towards all living creatures, including other Demons. This is because whenever a Demon kills another creature he merges with their body and takes over their mind. All their powers and knowledge become one with the Demon. Inanimate objects can also be used in the construction of the Demon's body, such as rocks, missiles, and guns.Humans on the other hand are harder to control because of reason. Therefore a Black Sabbath must be invoked where the humans run off on instinct, if not a Demon trying to merge with a human dies along with it's host. However if a human with a pure heart is invaded by a Demon the Demon's soul is suppressed and the human obtains the Demon's body and powers without losing himself, thus becoming Devilmen.

- Gallery of his demon paintings
April 27 2009
- source : gonagai.wikia.com/wiki/... -


永井豪　Nagai Go
永井潔（ながい きよし）Nagai Kiyoshi (1945年9月6日 - ）
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



CLICK for more manga Demon paintings.


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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

. Tengu 天狗と伝説 Tengu legends "Long-nosed Goblin" .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .

. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. Mingei 民芸　Regional Folk Art from Japan .

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Kappa - The Kappapedia on 8/12/2017 01:03:00 pm

EDO - Umibe Daikumachi carpenters funadaiku

https://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2015/10/daiku-carpenter.html
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There was a special district in Edo where most of the carpenters lived :

Kanda daikuchoo　神田　大工町 carpenter district in Kanda
tate daikuchoo 竪大工町 (now in Uchi Kanda 内神田三丁目14番 )
yoko daikuchoo 横大工町 / minami daikuchoo 南大工町

This district was founded around 1640 in the Kanei period 寛永 and is mentioned in the
"Edo Map of Kanei 寛永江戸図".
Many carpenters who lived here worked directly for the Bakufu government for the official buildings of Edo.


source :　無涯塾日記

One famous (but fictional) character is the carpenter 吉五郎 Kichigoro in the story
三方一両損 sanbo ichiryo zon, where the famous magistrate 大岡越前守忠相 Oka Echizen is holding court.

The shop of a craftsman making the matoi 纏 standards , a pole with the fire fighters brigade mark, is also located here.
纏屋治郎右衛門 Matoiya Jiroemon

. shokuninmachi 職人町 district with craftsmen in Edo .

Now the 龍谷大学 Ryukoku University is located in this district.

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Another district where carpenters lived was



Umibedaikuchmachi 海辺大工町 Umibe Daikumachi carpenter district on the coast
Umibe Daikucho, Umibe Daiku-Cho , Umibe Daiku-machi
along the river 小名木川 Onagigawa.


Umibe is a district in 江東区 Koto Ward, next to Fukagawa.

River Onagigawa joins the Sumidagawa with the bridge 高橋 Takahashi as main access. Another bridge was 万年橋 Mannenbashi and then
the Shin-Takahashi　新高橋 New Takahashi Bridge. The bridge Takahashi (High Bridge) was build much higher than other bridges to avoid being swept away by flooding of the rivers.

After reclaiming the land the settlement along the river Onagigawa became w river port and was named Umibe Daikumachi in 1713.



Many carpenters skilled in building ships and boats came to live here, hence the name.
funadaiku 船大工 shipbuilder carpenter



The bottom of a wooden boat was often burned to make it more resistant to rotting.


source : adachi-hanga.com/ukiyo-e
歌川国芳 Utagawa Kuniyoshi
Detail from 東都三ツ股の図 Toto Mitsumata no Zu
View of Mitsumata in the Eastern Capital




. River Onagigawa 小名木川 .
and The Gyotoku Salt Fields 行徳塩田 Gyotoku enden

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- - - - - . Bashō-An 芭蕉庵 Basho-An in Fukagawa　深川 .
- Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉　－ Haiku Poet


source :　homepage3.nifty.com/onihei-zue
Basho-An was near the Mannenbashi 万年橋　"Ten Thousand Year Bridge".


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ONI - eki-ki disease demons and onigani crabs

https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.jp/2014/08/yakubyogami.html

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疫鬼 eki oni (エキオニ) // eki ki, eki-ki (えきき） Oni bringing disease
ekki 疫鬼（えっき）


source : www.emuseum.jp/detail...
Painting from the Heian period


. tsuina 追儺 "demon exorcism" rituals .

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. Japanese Legends - 伝説　民話　昔話 – ABC-List .

疫鬼 eki-ki
During epidemics people made small dolls and let them flow away in rivers, especially on the 30th day of the 6th and 12th lunar month.
The origin was the purification ritual at 伊勢神宮 Ise Jingu in the sixth lunar month.
Tsuina 疫鬼 eki-oni，家鬼 ie-oni (home-Oni) exorcist rituals were also performed at the Imperial palace.

In China it was also customary to drive out the 疫鬼 yakuki，疫神 yakugami Deity of Illness by putting an image of them on a boat and let if float away.


................................................................................. Hiroshima 広島県
三次市 Miyoshi

yakuki 疫鬼，yakugami 疫神，binbogami 貧乏神
Once upon a time
at 備後国三好鳳源寺 the temple Hogen-Ji in Miyoshi an old skinny man with white hair and a pale face wanted to come in. But the priest threw him out and the figure soon disappeared.
Around this temple there had been an epidemy, but since this event, the village had been spared any contagious disease.


................................................................................. Shizuoka 静岡県
浜松市 Hamamatsu

yakuja 疫邪 / yakuoni 疫鬼
Once upon a time
some people from Hamamatsu met a huge old priest of more than 180 cm hight clad in red robes, with 錫杖 a red walking staff in his left hand and 払子 a priest's fly-whisk in his left. The old priest had many disciples walking with him.
They had a session of questions and answers. The old priest opened a box he had carried and showd them a cut-off head, which gave of a very bad smell. When the villagers begun to shout in disgust, the old priest suddenly disappeared.
But the bad smell remained in their noses and many of them fell ill very soon after that meeting.

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source : ameblo.jp/blue-hiro-bigboy.....
hōsōshi 方相氏 Hososhi, demon exorcist with a mask of four eyes


寃鬼 enoki, enki ，疫鬼 eki-ki
In former times, even Tengu were seen as some kind of enoki, yuurei 寃鬼(ゆうれい) ghost.
They take over the curse of someone killed or who died unnaturally.

Legend knows that the three children of a Chinese emperor became Eki-Ki after a violent death.
In Japan they are mentioned first in a book called
儺祭詞 - なのまつりのことば Nanomatsuri no Kotoba : 穢悪伎疫鬼」きたなきおに - kitanaki oni - "dirty demons".
They were driven out at the Imperial palace with the Tsuina rituals.
They are also known in Korea.

When a person has just died and his soul is still hanging around, it might become an 魂魄 Enoki demon and visible to other people. This is also called yuurei 幽霊 a ghost.
This Enoki looks like clouds and haze. Just like weather clouds and haze can gather in the sky and the earth, the vapor of an Enoki can gather and become visible.
If someone has died a while ago and Enoki is seen, it will turn into a yookai 妖怪 apparition of a Fox or Tanuki badger.
If the soul hangs inbetween the realm of Yin and Young and becomes hardened, it is called 疫鬼 Eki-Ki, a "Disease Demon".

Once upon a time
a priest went to a bookstore to buy 易経 the I-Ching. When he read some of the hand-written comments in the book, be begun to laugh. That night he developed a fever and headache and was about to die.
Just then at the nearby home of a Master Confucianist a strange thing happened. One of his disciples, who had died some months ago, came to the gate and wanted to visit him.
He explained that after his death his wife had written some comments in the I-Ching and a priest, who had read them today and laughed in mockery, was now just about to die. He had gotten angry and knocked the priest on his head, but wanted to see his Master to have a look at the priest too. The Master suggested that his disciple would agree to have his grave built at the temple to save the priest. And indeed, the priest came back to life and begun reading the sutras for the Eki-Ki disciple.

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takebungani 武文蟹 / 武文ガニ Takebun crabs
- - - onigani 鬼蟹 demon crabs
- - - kimengani 鬼面蟹 crabs with demon faces
a kind of Heikegani 平家蟹 Crabs of the Heike clan - Heikea japonicum
... a species of crab native to Japan, with a shell that bears a pattern resembling a human face which many believed to be the face of an angry samurai hence the nickname Samurai Crab.


source : blog.livedoor.jp/ufodouji-tec_rec/archives.....

These crabs are also called
Shimamuragani 島村蟹
named after 島村武文 Shimamura Takebun

. Heikegani 平家蟹 Crabs of the Heike clan and Heike legends .


................................................................................. Hiroshima 広島県
尼崎市 Amagasaki 大物町 Daimotsucho

takebungani 武文蟹 Takebun crabs
In the port of 摂州大物浦 Daimotsu-no-Ura there are Takebun crabs, Samurai crabs.
attributed to the soul of 秦武文 Hata no Takebun, who had to kill himself in the port of Hyogo 兵庫湊 in 1331.
His Enoki demon soul eventually shape-shifted into a crab.
(They are a kind of Heikegani 平家蟹 Heike crabs, Heikea japonicum).

People hang the these crab shells at the entry of the home to prevent demons and bad luck to come it.


- and the opposite reading, another Yokai monster

kanioni, kani-oni 蟹鬼（かにおに）　Crab-Demon monster


source : youkaiwiki.com/entry...


- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -

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https://japanshrinestemples.blogspot.jp/2014/08/yakubyogami.html

MINGEI and ONI - Tsuina rituals

https://worldkigodatabase.blogspot.jp/2006/07/setsubun-festival-february-3.html

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Setsubun has its origins in tsuina (追儺),
a Chinese custom introduced to Japan in the eighth century.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


- quote -
- - - - - Oni
... According to Zeami's Fushikaden, oni appearing in Noh drama are either vengeful spirits (onryō) who possess human beings, or demons of hell. As the visible forms of oni were represented as misshapen and weird beings, popular iconography of oni was influenced by graphic portrayals of hell demons and "hungry ghosts," as well as by the four-eyed Chinese zhuīnuó (Jp. tsuina) masks worn by the demon exorcists called fangxiàng (Jp. hōsōshi).
Such rites of "demon exorcism" or tsuina were incorporated into the Buddhist rites of Shushōe and Shunie (Omizutori) held early in the New Year; these rites featured exorcisms of demons using the power of Buddhist tutelaries such as Bishamon and heavenly bodhisattvas (hiten). These rites became popular observances on the last day of winter (setsubun), and resulted in the formation of stereotypical demon images such as Shutendōji.
- source : Kawamura Kunimitsu, Kokugakuin 2005 -

During the tsuina rituals, people call out three times
oni yaroo 「鬼やろう」 (Demons get out!)
Especially in the Shrines of Kyoto, and Heian Jingu.


source : discoverkyoto.com/event-calendar/february

... At 14:00, people representing warriors, onmyōji diviners, and the demon quelling oni Hōsōshi participate in the Tsuina no Gi, an exorcism once performed at the Imperial Palace in the Heian period. Men wearing fearsome ogre masks burst into the shrine and "terrorize" the assembled people from the courtyard, making their way to the main hall veranda where the oni leader does a victorious dance. However, shrine parishioners appear to banish the oni with lucky beans in a tradition called mamemaki (bean throwing), chasing them back out the shrine gates shouting "oni wa soto, fuku wa uchi" ("bad luck out, good luck in").

祭文が読み上げられると方相氏が前に進み、矛と盾を打ち、「鬼やろう」と３度繰り返します。
- reference and photos : milky.geocities.jp/kyotonosato/setubun -


. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - Index - .

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MINGEI - Yokai ema and shrine

https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/09/ema-votive-tablets.html

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. yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters .

With the growing popularity of Yokai on the internet, some temples and shrines are catering to the need with Ema.



Asahina modoki　朝比奈もどき



dondon byoshi どんどん拍子



oogijuu 扇獣



chitori　血取り

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from 妖怪神社 the Shrine Yokai Jinja, dedicated to Mizuki Shigeru

- quote -
Yokai (Monsters) Jinja
Yokai Jinja is a shrine located on Mizuki Shigeru Road in Sakaiminato City, Tottori Prefecture. A ceremony for building completion and consecration for this shrine ceremony was held by Mizuki Shigeru, who produced a manga Gegege no Kitaro at midnight on January 1, 2000. This shrine was built as home for monsters and with wish to preserve and grow an environment of Yokai-no-sato (house for monsters) where monsters find it easy to live. Torii (gateway to shrine) is built with motif of Ittan-momen (monster of cloth) at the entrance. After you go through, there are black graphite ad 300-year old Keyaki tree (Japanese tree of the genus zelkova) consecrated by Mizuki Shigeru, which is go-shintai (an object of worship).
Behind the go-shintai, Medama-ishi (eyeball of stone) is placed, which has a mysterious anecdote. At the consecration, Mizuki said pointing a part of go-shintai, "it would be good to put an eyeball here," and then the part peeled off. You should wash your hands at Medama Oyaji Kiyome-no-Mizu, where a stone shaped like the popular character of Gegege no Kitaro, Medama no Oyaji (Kitaro-'s father who is an eyeball), before praying in front of alter. Then pray by bowing twice, clap twice and bow once. Here you can buy and enjoy Karakuri Yokai Mikuji, a written oracle with 200 yen. A Yokai Karakuri Ningyo (a mechanical doll shaped like a monster) even can perform the purification ceremony for you, bow and bring the oracle to you. Also Yokai ema (votive picture), amulets and charms are sold.
It is a site you should visit if you go to see Mizuki Shigeru Road.
- source : japanhoppers.com/en/chugoku/yonago_sakaiminato... -


. 水木しげる, Mizuki Shigeru .
- - - - - Ge Ge Ge no Kitarō (ゲゲゲの鬼太郎, Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro)

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HEIAN - Kofun period

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .
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kofun jidai 古墳時代 burial mound period - 250 to 538
kofun 古墳 burial mound, tumulus



- quote -
The Kofun period (古墳時代 Kofun jidai)
is an era in the history of Japan from around 250 to 538. It follows the Yayoi period. The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era. The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes referred to collectively as the Yamato period. The Kofun period is the oldest era of recorded history in Japan; as the chronology of its historical sources tends to be very distorted, studies of this period require deliberate criticism and the aid of archaeology.

The Kofun period is divided from the Asuka period by its cultural differences. The Kofun period is characterized by a Shinto culture which existed[citation needed] prior to the introduction of Buddhism. Politically, the leader of a powerful clan won control over much of west Honshū and the northern half of Kyūshū and eventually established the Imperial House of Japan. Kofun burial mounds on Tanegashima and two very old Shinto shrines on Yakushima suggest that these islands were the southern boundaries of the Yamato state, while its northernmost extent was as far north as Tainai in the modern Niigata Prefecture, where mounds have been excavated associated with a person with close links to the Yamato kingdom.
- More
- source : wikipedia -



The Kitora Tomb キトラ古墳 Kitora Kofun
an ancient tumulus (kofun in Japanese) located in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The tomb is believed to have been constructed some time between the 7th and early 8th centuries, but was only discovered in 1983.
- source : wikipedia -

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. Anfudoo Kofun 穴不動古墳 Anafudo Kofun Mound . - Tokushima


. Bontenyama Kofun Gun 梵天山古墳群 . - 常陸太田市 Ibaraki, Hitachi-Ota


. Hashihaka Kofun 箸墓古墳 . - Nara
Princess Himiko or Pimiko (卑弥呼, 卑彌呼 d. ca. 248)


. Otome Kanzawa Kofun　乙女寒沢古墳 .
Ibaraki, Oyama 栃木県小山市乙女947


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- - - - - Kofun Legends - ABC List of the prefectures :

.................................................................. Hyogo 兵庫県 ....................................................................
加東郡 Kato district

播磨の金鶏埋宝伝説 ― 古墳関係資料の整理
Arima no Kinkei Legends - about a 金鶏 golden rooster


.................................................................. Kyoto 京都府 ....................................................................
亀岡市 Kameoka 千歳町 Chitose

oogon no niwatori 黄金の鶏 the golden rooster
At the Kofun called 車塚 Kurumazuka there was a golden rooster burried among other things. Some people hear his call on the New Year's morning and they are said to be successfull later in life.


.................................................................. Nara 奈良県 ....................................................................
大柳生町 Oyagyucho

ケチ山 Kechiyama
The Kinkei Kofun 金鶏古墳 is said to be on Kechiyama. If people cut trees there, they will be cursed and doomed.

(Other sources place this Kofun in Hiroshima, Mie ...

金鶏塚古墳（岡山） Kinkeizuka Kofun Okayama


.................................................................. Yamanashi 山梨県 ....................................................................
韮崎市 Nirasaki

赤染衛門の古墳 Kofun of Akazome Emon

天明年中の事。ある寺の本堂脇に苔むした古墳があった。中門を建立するためにこの古墳を取り払おうとした所、住僧の夢に夫人が現われ古墳を取り壊す事を嘆き、短冊を残した。目が覚めるとその短冊が枕元にあった。それは赤染衛門の筆であった。
.
韮崎の近くにある某寺に古墓があったのを取り払おうとすると、僧の夢に貴女が現れ、「なき跡のしるしとなれば其ままに問はれずとても有りてしもがな」という歌を書いた短冊を残して去ったという話がある。後の鑑定でこの短冊は赤染右衛門の筆跡であるとされた。

Akazome Emon 赤染衛門 (956–1041) was a Japanese waka poet and early historian who lived in the mid-Heian period. She is a member both of the Thirty Six Elder Poetic Sages (中古三十六歌仙 Chūko Sanjūrokkasen) and the Thirty Six Female Poetic Sages (女房三十六歌仙 Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen).
Emon is thought to be the daughter of Akazome Tokimochi, but her biological father was likely her mother's first husband, Taira Kanemori. Emon was born before her mother's marriage to Tokimochi in the Akazome family. Her husband Ōe no Masahira was a famous literary scholar, and the couple were considered to be "lovebirds" (おしどり夫婦 oshidori fūfu).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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平景清の古墳 . . .
- source : nichibun yokai database -
- 28 entries (02)
- Akazome Emon / Kinkei


- Reference in Japanese -
- Reference in English -

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. minwa 民話　folktales / densetsu 伝説　Japanese Legends .
- Introduction -

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

- #kofun #kofunlegends -
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[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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Posted By Gabi Greve to Heian Period Japan on 7/27/2015 09:54:00 am

LEGENDS - ono no takamura

https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/11/onoterusaki-shrine.html

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. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 .

古井戸のくらきに落ちる椿かな
furu ido no kuraki ni ochiru tsubaki kana

a camellia blossom
falls into the darkness
of an old well ...

The well can be seen as an access to bridge this world with the other world.
Ono Takamura used this well to commute to hell
小野篁が地獄と行き来したと言われている井戸


The old well at the temple 六道珍皇寺 Rokudo Chinno-Ji, Kyoto


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statue at temple 六道珍皇寺 Rokudo Chinno-Ji, Kyoto
Legend says Takamura's upturned robes depict him just back from his nightly trip to hell.
- source : www.rokudou.jp

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ONI - hyakki yagyoo night parade

https://kappapedia.blogspot.jp/2016/08/toriyama-sekien.html

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Hyakki Yagyō, Hyakki Yakō 百鬼夜行 "Night Parade of One Hundred Demons"



- - - - - hyakki yagyoo emaki o yomu 百鬼夜行絵巻をよむ
田中貴子, 澁澤龍彦, 小松和彦, 花田清輝

- quote -
Hyakki Yagyō, variation: Hyakki Yakō, (百鬼夜行, "Night Parade of One Hundred Demons") is a concept in Japanese folklore. It is a parade which is composed of a hundred kinds of yōkai.
Legend has it
that "every year the yokai Nurarihyon, will lead all of the yōkai through the streets of Japan during summer nights." Anyone who comes across the procession would perish or be spirited away by the yōkai, unless protected by handwritten scrolls by anti-yokai onmyoji spellcasters. It is said that only an onmyoji clan head is strong enough to pass Nurarihyon's Hyakki Yagyo unharmed.
According to the account in the Shūgaishō (拾芥抄) Shugaisho,
a medieval Japanese encyclopedia, the only way to be kept safe from the night parade if it were to come by your house is to stay inside on the specific nights associated with the Chinese zodiac or to chant the magic spell:
"KA-TA-SHI-HA-YA, E-KA-SE-NI-KU-RI-NI, TA-ME-RU-SA-KE, TE-E-HI, A-SHI-E-HI, WA-RE-SHI-KO-NI-KE-RI"
(カタシハヤ, エカセニクリニ, タメルサケ, テエヒ, アシエヒ, ワレシコニケリ).
-- In literature
The hyakki yagyō has appeared in several tales collected by Japanese folklorists.
-- Uji shui Monogatari (宇治拾遺物語), in which a monk encounters a group of a hundred youkai which pass by the Ryūsenji temple.
-- Konjaku Monogatari Shuu (今昔物語集), which tells that during the Jougan Era (859–877), the eldest son of minister Fujiwara was on his way to his lover's place when he saw 100 demons walking from the direction of the University of Tokyo Miya main street. Since his attire had the sonjoushi written on it, the demons who noticed this ran away.
-- Ookagami (大鏡, Okagami) The Great Mirror
-- Goudanshou (江談抄) Godanshu
-- Kohonsetsuwashuu (古本説話集)
-- Houbutsushuu (宝物集) Hobutsushu
The night parade was a popular theme in Japanese visual art.
One of the oldest and most famous examples is the 16th-century handscroll Hyakki Yagyō Zu (百鬼夜行図), erroneously attributed to Tosa Mitsunobu, located in the Shinju-an of Daitoku-ji, Kyoto.
For other picture scrolls, the Hyakki Yagyō Emaki (百鬼夜行絵巻), contains the details of each member in the parade from the Muromachi period.
Other notable works in this motif include those by Toriyama Sekien (Gazu Hyakki Yagyō) and Utagawa Yoshiiku. However, Toriyama's work presents yokai in separate, encyclopedic entries rather than assembled in a parade, while Utagawa's Kokkei Wanisshi-ki ("Comical Record of Japanese History") employs the theme of 100 demons to comment on contemporary Japanese military actions in China.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !




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- - - - - H A I K U - - - - -

古寺や百鬼夜行の霜のあと
furudera ya hyakki yagyoo no shimo no ato

this old temple -
remains of frost after the hundred demons
have passed at night

光起が百鬼夜行く野分哉
hikariki ga hyakki yoru yuku nowaki kana

. Masaoka Shiki　正岡子規 .




. oomagatoki, Ōmagatoki 逢魔時 / 大禍時 "demon dusk" .

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夜寒さや百鬼夜行の絵巻物
yosamusa ya hyakki yagyoo no emakimono

this cold night -
the picture scroll of hundred demons
passing at night

寺田寅彦 Terada Torahiko (1878 - 1935)

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曉齋の百鬼夜行図おお涼し
高澤良一

月の寺百鬼夜行図など蔵す
黒田杏子

花嫁に百鬼夜行のまんじゆしやげ
加藤かけい

虎落笛百鬼夜行を旨とせり
柴田奈美

雪折れは百鬼夜行の跡ならむ
松尾龍之介

すててこや百鬼夜行のしんがりの
佐々木六戈


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. Onipedia - 鬼ペディア　- Oni Demons - ABC-List - .

.

ONI - Someko to Oni book

https://kappapedia.blogspot.jp/2017/04/oni-links-books-reference.html

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ソメコとオニ Someko to Oni
斎藤隆介 (著), 滝平 二郎 (イラスト)



The five-year old girl Someko is abducted by an Oni, but she is not a bit afraid. On the contrary, she thinks of all kinds of games and it is the Oni who needs help . . .


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MINGEI - Tottori horikoshi clay dolls

https://omamorifromjapan.blogspot.jp/2011/07/tottori-folk-toys.html

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Horikoshi town 　堀越 Horikoshi - Yazu district 八頭郡八頭町堀越

Horikoshi tsuchi ningyoo 堀越土人形 Clay dolls from Horikoshi
Now, extinct. made by 木曽金次郎 Kiso Kinjiro.


- source and 3 more photos : kyuhaku-ningyo.jp/admin... -



dancing lady 舞い女

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