Welcome !

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Welcome to the small news of the Darumapedia !

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::




. Joys of Japan - Main Gallery . 　　


. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

. - yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters - .
- Introduction -

. 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin of Japan! .
- Introduction -

. Edo shokunin 江戸職人 craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .



. Mingei 民芸　Folk Art of Japan .

. Fudō Myō-ō, Fudoo Myoo-Oo 不動明王 Fudo Myo-O
Acala Vidyârâja - Vidyaraja – Fudo Myoo .



- and many many more !

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　 　

MINGEI EDO kushi comb Kamm

http://darumamuseum.blogspot.jp/2007/07/comb-kushi.html

......................................................................

. Edo shokunin 江戸の職人 Edo craftsmen .

kushishi, kushi shi 櫛師 comb maker

They made decorative combs for the ladies to beautify their coiffure.
Since the ladies did not wash their hair as often as it is done now, they had to make use of comps regularly.



The fashionable ladies of Edo had three favorite items
first the Kushi
second the Obi (sash)
third the Kosode (Kimono with short sleeves)

The wood for a comb was mostly tsuge 楊 boxwood, but shitan 紫檀 red sandalwood, kokutan 黒檀　Ebony Diospyros and other light wood was also used.
The wood was cut into a rough form and then let sit to dry for three or more years.
Ivory, bekkoo 鼈甲 Bekko tortoiseshell, horn of deer and even bamboo were also used.


喜多川歌麿 Kitagawa Utamaro (1753 - 1806) kushi 櫛

- quote -
The Art of Japanese Hair Comb Patterns
(Kushi Hinagata)
by Stephen J. Gertz
Sometime post-1905, an anonymous gentleman in Japan, wishing to preserve his collection of rice-paper rubbings of setsu kushi hinagata (patterns of miniature combs), took three issues of Japan Art Society Reports from the 37th Year of the Meiji (1905), mounted the rubbings on each page, had the issues bound together, crossed out the original titles and provided one in black ink.


CLICK for more illustrations !

. . . . . The resulting unique scrapbook features over 500 charcoal rubbings of miniature Japanese combs and hairpins (koagi). . . . . .
Katsushika Hokusai's classic three-volume Imayo Kushi Hinagata (1823)
. . . . . Traditional comb shapes are half moon, horseshoe, and square. The combs were often worn in concert with koagi (hair pins) in classical Japanese hairdressing. . . . . .
- read more here
- source : booktryst.com . Stephen J. Gertz -

.......................................................................


. bihatsu kigan 美髪祈願 praying for beautiful hair .
櫛型のお守り amulet in form of a comb
櫛型の絵馬 ema votive tablet in form of a comb

.......................................................................

Combs have a long history in Japan.
wakare no kushi　別れの櫛 comb as a good-bye present
comb of separation
goes back to the Heian period.

- quote -
When the Saigu, or royal vestal virgin of Ise, was about to be sent away on her prolonged period of service at the Great Shrine, she was called to the palace and the emperor thrust a comb into her hair with his own hands.
This was the wakare no kushi, or " comb of separation."
Thus the sojourn of the virgin princess at Ise was brought under the taboo of comb and hair.
- source : archive.org/stream/politicalphiloso -


. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
48 櫛 to explore


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

EDO - goldfish vendor

http://haikuandhappiness.blogspot.jp/2007/07/koi-koi.html


famous actor posing as a goldfish vendor
俳優見立夏商人 -- 金魚売り
歌川国貞 Utagawa Kunisada
At the handle of the bucket there are three little glass containers with the fish.


.......................................................................


.................................................................................


Scooping little Goldfish
kingyo sukui 金魚すくい

- quote -
Goldfish scooping
(金魚すくい, 金魚掬い Kingyo-sukui) is a traditional Japanese game in which a player scoops goldfish with a special scooper. It is also called, "Scooping Goldfish", "Dipping for Goldfish" or "Snatching Goldfish". "Kingyo" means goldfish and "sukui" means scooping. Sometimes bouncy balls are used instead of goldfish. Japanese summer festivals or ennichi commonly have a stall for this activity. Both children and adults enjoy the game.
The varieties of goldfish often used in goldfish scooping are "Koaka", "Demekin", and "Anekin".
Rules: .....
Requirements .....
Poi (ポイ poi)
The poi consists of a round plastic frame with a hand grip, and paper on the frame. The poi paper can break easily when put into water, so players should not move the poi too quickly. There are different classes of poi paper. No.7 (7号?) is weaker, and No.5 (5号?) is stronger. In some stalls, staff have unbreakable poi which consist of a net to scoop goldfish instead of paper.
- MORE in the wikipedia -




Utamaro Kitagawa "Kingyo"
喜多川歌麿　『金魚』
.

EDO kamisukicho district paper making

http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2014/09/kami-paper.html

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 　
kamisukishi、kamisuki shi 紙漉き師 making paper, paper making artisan
kamisuki shokunin 紙漉き職人



The making of paper is described here.
. - - Washi 和紙 Japanese Paper - - .

The most famous paper in Edo was made in Asakusa.

Asakusagami, Asakusa-gami　浅草紙　
Most were specialized in recycling of paper, since it was difficult to get hold of the original materials for making paper in greater amounts.

Tawaramachi in Asakusa had a district called
Kamisukichoo　紙漉町　Kamisuki-Cho

- quote -
KAMISUKICHO RUINS - 'Kamisuki'means'making paper'.





This neighborhood was named after the very first Paper factory in Edo that was here and prospered from the late 17th Century through the 19th Century. Here paper produced was called "Asakusa paper "and was in fact made from recycling old and used paper.
- source : tokyotaito.blog.shinobi.jp -


kamiya, kami-ya　紙屋 paper maker


古今紙漉紙屋図絵


source : japonisme.or.jp/magazine

..............................................................................................................................................

sukikaeshi, suki-kasehi 漉き返し業者 re-making of paper


source :　www.gakken.co.jp/kagakusouken

Many craftsmen of this kind were located in Asakusa, Edo.
They tore old paper to pieces, selected them carefully, boiled them to dissolve and then let the liquid cool down (hieru　冷える). During that time they would walk over the the pleasure quarters of Yoshiwara, just walking up and down enjoying the view at the ladies (hiyakasu　冷やかす).
This is the origin of the word

hiyakashi 冷やかし half for fun, in jest
jeering; raillery; chaffing; merely asking the price; just looking at goods; window-shopping; browsing



Asakusagami 浅草紙 recycled paper from Asakusa / Edo
. Asakusa to hiyakashi 冷やかし


Edo, Asakusa
. kamisukichoo 紙漉町 / かみすき丁 / 紙すき町 Paper Making District .


Nishidooingami 西洞院紙 Nishidoin recycled paper from Kyoto
Minatogami 湊紙 Minatogami recycled paper from Osaka

..............................................................................................................................................

EDO sugar sato uri

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

山陰も桃の日あるか砂糖売
yama kage mo momo no hi aru ka satoo uri

even in mountain shade
is it Peach Day?
sugar vendor
Tr. David Lanoue

(Peach Day = Peach Festival)


. shiratama uri 白玉売 vendor of Shiratama in Edo .
In Edo, these vendors walk along, selling Shiratama and cold water (hiyamizu 「冷水（ひやみず）). The vendor scoops cold water from a well in the morning and starts his business. The dumplings were made of kanzarashiko flour 寒晒粉 (another name for Shiratamako). They were put in a bowl, covered with cold water and some brown sugar then sprinkled on top of them.
also called 砂糖水屋 sato mizuya.


source : toraya-group.co.jp/toraya/bunko

Selling sugar-water 砂糖水

. Doing Business in Edo　- 江戸の商売 .

*****************************
Related words

***** Sweets from Shikoku

***** . INGREDIENTS .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

EDO mingei kitchen kamado

http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2014/12/daidokoro-kitchen.html



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



CLICK for more photos of the Edo kitchen!

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kamadoshi, kamado-shi 竈師 specialist making an earthen hearth

- quote -
By the late Edo period (1615-1867), some households had a variety of kamado:
kamado for use in a raised floor space rather than the doma;
small portable kamado (this was also the commonest type in cramped urban tenements;
a large one for preparing fodder for domestic animals; and often
a special one for use only on festive occasions and for preparing rice cakes.
The symbolic significance of the kamado was in proportion to its functional importance as a cooking appliance and adjunct of the hearth.
Its tutelary spirit, kamadogami, was one of the principal household deities, revered as provider of the means to cook and feared as a potential cause of conflagration.
- source : nakedwhiz.com/kamadotheword -

For fear of fire, many homes in a Nagaya living quarter in Edo did not have a stove. Some kitchens did not even have a knife. The vegetables were torn by hand, the Tofu was deliverd as it was eaten and the fish came cut by the fish vendor.
The hearth-making craftsmen were a group in itself with special skills according to the type of hearth to be made.
Homes in Kyoto usually had three "mouths" 三つ口, some even nine 九つ口.
The hetsui hearth of Edo was built with the back to the doma 土間 entrance hall, so the wife could see the living room. Most hearths were coverd with a black coating.



kamado nuri, kamadonuri 　竈塗り /　竃塗り　repairing the earthen hearth

This was the job of a professional
. shakan, sakan 左官 plasterer, stucco master .

The kamado (also called hettsui へっつい in Edo) was used every day to prepare the meals.
Usually it had two openings to fire up separately.
To put new plaster earth around the hearth as a fire protection was usually done as one of the preparations for the New Year.


source : blogs.yahoo.co.jp/yah1000senn
- - - - - Cooking rice at the Kamado kitchen hearth


竈も化粧をしたる年の暮
hittsui mo keshoo o shitaru toshi no kure

the cooking stove too
likes to have some make-up
at the end of the year

anonymous senryu

..............................................................................................................................................

- - - - - fuda 蓋 lid - - - - -



kamabutashi, kamabuta-shi 釜蓋師 making a lid for the iron pot
釜蓋職人
Craftsmen who made these wooden lids made also many other wooden tools for a home and kitchen, for example the wooden cutting boards.
The lids had to fit well to make sure no steam was coming out of the pot.
The wood was about 3 cm thick.


.......................................................................

. kamabuta tsuitachi 釜蓋朔日 opening the chauldron on the first day .
- kigo for early autumn -
On the first day of the seventh lunar month (now August 1) the chauldron of hell was opened to let the souls out for their visit to the family graves.
From this day on, the Urabon ceremonies were started.

.......................................................................

Kamafuta Jinja 釜蓋神社 "Kamafuta Shrine"
射楯兵主神社 Itate Tsuwamono Jinja



The deity of this shrine has long been venerated by the Samurai. To pray for victory before a battle, they came here with an old lid or kettle and offered it with the wish that bullets from the enemy gun would not hit them. So ever more Samurai visited here.
Now people also pray for good luck and luck with a new business, even victory in sports.
They put a lid on their head and walk from the entrance Torii gate of the Shrine building. If the lid does not fall down, their wish will be granted . . .



鹿児島県南九州市頴娃町別府6827 Beppu, Kagoshima, Kyushu
- reference : kamafuta jinja -


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


. Washoku 和食歳時記 Japanese Food Culture 　 .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

EDO - hina ningyo dolls

http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/2006/02/hina-matsuri.html

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 shokunin .

hinaningyoshii, hina ningyoo shi 雛人形師 making Hina dolls


京の雛さま　江戸の雛さま

- quote -
Hina dolls are dressed like court nobles from the Heian period ...
..... tachi bina, or "standing dolls." in the Edo period ...
..... suwari bina, or "sitting dolls."
..... "Kanei bina" ..... "Genroku bina."
..... 次郎左衛門雛　"Jirozaemon" and the 有職雛　"Yusoku bina" - Representing the Orthodoxy of Court Culture
..... "Kokin bina"
- source and photos: kyohaku.go.jp/eng/dictio -

Making Hina dolls for the rich people of Edo was the job of some specialists.
Different craftsmen made the head, the body and the robes.
zushi 頭師 makes the head of a Hina doll, the most important part, which gives the expression to a doll. The head was mostly made from the wood of paulownia (tooso 桐塑). The wood is made to powder (kiriko 桐粉) and then kneaded with natural glue. When the form is done, it is whitened by layering it with gofun whitewash powder. Finally the colors are added.
gofun 胡粉 is made from ground oyster shells or egg shells and special glue; it produces a shining, enameling white color for the surface of clay dolls.
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

kitsukeshi 着付師 puts the robes on the doll.
The body was usually padded up with straw and the robes had to fit over it.
. . . CLICK here for more Photos !

.......................................................................

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 (1715-1783) .

- quote -
たらちねの抓まずありや雛の鼻
tarachine no tsuma mazu ari ya　hina no hana

Mommy, first of all,
Should have pinched up,
The nose of a hina doll!

Background:
*The nose of a baby hina doll is not always well cut or prominent. Japanese children's noses are mostly flat. 　Mothers want them to be shapely, long, straight and elegant. So often they gently pinch up their children's noses while rearing them.
* 'Tarachine' means sometime 'a mother, one's mother', sometime 'a father' and'one's parents'. In the Haiku naturally it means a mum or mom.
* 'Tarachine no' has been used since as early as the 8th century as a stylized epithet or a pillow word in tanka poems in phrases like 'tarachine no haha (母) (mother)' or 'tarachine no oya (親) (parents)'.
* The phrase 'Tarachine no tsuma' in the Haiku means that its mother pinches up (something).
Impression:
A laughing is excited by the association of mother's way of bringing up her child through the personification of a baby hina doll: she pinches up their noses with a prayer in her heart for their getting shapely. Prof. Ogata and Mr. Takahashi comment the　meaning of the Haiku is that 'the nose' of the hina doll should have been pinched up by its mother just like a living mother does.
Joys and sorrows in daily lives are important sources of haikai poems or haiku. The Poet is skilled in catching and weaving them into haiku, and makes them full of human touches.
- source : hokuoto77.com/buson-

.......................................................................


- - - - - Jirozaemon-bina

- quote -
Yusoku-bina Representing the Orthodoxy of Court Culture
At the time when Jirozaemon-bina was enjoying steady popularity, a new type of hina doll appeared in Kyoto. They were called Yusoku-bina as they were crafted by the yusoku method by which accurate historical evidence concerning the costumes of the court was ascertained. They were also known as Takakura-bina named after the Takakura family, the established connoisseur of yusoku knowledge who served the Imperial Palace.

Placing emphasis on the observation of historical facts, the Yusoku-bina was made very realistic in all respects, including the facial features. In terms of costume, ikan (simplified sokutai) or noshi of the court were often used rather than the sokutai (ceremonial dress). The fabrics were specially woven in accordance with court rank, age and the season, without being simply limited to gold brocade. For example, in the case of the noshi, the style for winter was selected as the Hina Matsuri and was held in March (of the lunar calendar). The costume was tailored based on the design for those under thirty years of age, by employing white with deep purple or red colored lining.

However, as these Yusoku-bina were originally produced for the nobility, they did not become popular among the general public. Nonetheless, they provided the later hina dolls with an example to follow concerning their realistic style.
- source : kyoto-shimazu.com/en -

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

EDO - Tenjiku Tokubei

http://edoflourishing.blogspot.jp/2016/03/yayosugashi-district.html


::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Tenjiku Tokubei 天竺徳兵衛 (1612 - c. 1692)
a Japanese adventurer and writer of the early 17th century. He traveled to Southeast and South Asia, hence his "Tenjiku" (Japanese: 天竺, East Asian name of "India") nickname.
He was born in Sendo-machi, Takasago-cho, in today's Hyōgo Prefecture in 1612. His father was a salt wholesaler.
At the age of fifteen, in 1626, Tokubei was hired by a trading company in Kyoto. He pursued commercial activities aboard Japanese Red Seal Ships.
In 1627, Tokubei visited China, Vietnam and Siam (modern Thailand) on board a Japanese Red Seal ship. He would stay for some time in Siam and again visit the country on board one of the ships of the Dutch adventurer Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn. He also sailed to India, to the source of the Ganges, and the country of Magadha, and returned with great wealth and numerous stories to tell.
Upon his return to Japan,
and after the introduction of the Seclusion policy (Sakoku), Tokubei wrote an essay titled "Tenjiku Tokai Monogatari" (天竺渡海物語, "Relations of sea travels to India") on his adventures in foreign countries, which became very popular in Japan.


彩入御伽草 Eiri Otogi Zôshi - Kabuki actor 尾上松助 Onoe Matsusuke
Utagawa Toyokuni 歌川豊国

- - - - - The Kabuki character ...
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
.

EDO - kasa umbrella making

http://kenyasaijiki.blogspot.jp/2006/09/umbrella.html

bangasa　番傘 Bangasa, "numbered umbrella"
a coarse oil-paper umbrella



- quote -
Bangasa is a common type among Japanese umbrella. It gives beefy and durable impression.
Because of that, this umbrella for the masses goes well with male putting on kimono.
The reason called "Ban-gasa" is said as follows. Umbrella craftsman was stamped (BAN) to self-made umbrella.
Another reason is that umbrella to lend at inn was numbered (BAN).
In Osaka,
to distinguish between the master-servant relationship, Bangasa for attendant was edged in black.
In Kyoto,
umbrella for accompany is three lines pattern when closed as everyone can see at a glance who accompany court noble.
In both cases,
the master was an umbrella of golden brown or dark brown and thicker than Janomegasa.
-
Ruson Sukezaemon 呂宋助左衛門 imported umbrellas and pottery from Luzon, Philippines in Azuchi-Momoyama period (1558-1600 CE).
That's why it was widely spread in Edo period (1603-1868 CE).
- MORE about the history of Umbrellas in Japan:
- source : terimakasih.cc/gallery/umbrella-

- - - - -Once upon a time in Osaka
on a rainy day an actor was walking along with his Bangasa. The umbrella suddenly felt very heavy and then very light. The man made a summersault, threw the umbrella on the road and fled in great haste.
Next morning, what do you say ! there was a dead Tanuki badger on the road.


source : aimatarou.blog63.fc2.com...

kasa-sashi tanuki 傘さし狸 Tanuki with Umbrella
A Yokai from Tokushima / 徳島県三好郡池田町
During times like rainy evenings, it would disguise as a person with an umbrella and invite people. When a person who doesn't have an umbrella goes under it, it is said that they'd be taken to unbelievably out-there place.
- quote wikipedia Japanese raccoon dog -

...........................................

Umbrellas in the Edo Period



furugasa kai 古傘買い buying old umbrellas in Edo
kasa no furobone kai 傘の古骨買い buying old umbrella frames

They payed anything from 4 mon to 20 mon for an old umbrella and bring them to a dealer in old umprellas 古傘の問屋. They were taken apart, the oil paper and very rotten bamboo frames could be used instead of firewood. Other people would take the frame for rapair work, especially putting new paper on the frame (傘張り kasa hari). Masterless ronin samurai often did the papering as a kind of side business.

The buyers of old frames used to call out:
furubone ba gozai furbone ba gozai



- quote
Recycling in Edo
It was usual in the past, in fact, to repair anything, and not just expensive items like paulownia chests.
Umbrellas, for example, would be repeatedly repaired. In an age when experienced carpenters earned a daily wage of 500-600 mon, umbrellas cost 200-300 mon, which means that while they were not particularly expensive items, they were nevertheless not the kind of thing one would throw away without a care.
They were made of bamboo and paper, which means that no matter how sturdily made they were, their life spans were limited, particularly in view of the fact that they were repeatedly exposed to rain. The paper used was sturdy Japanese paper treated with persimmon tannin and wood oil, but even so, as it aged, it would become increasingly brittle and prone to tearing.
- source : www.japanfs.org - Ishikawa Eisuke


古傘にいつも越後が二、三本
furugasa ni itsumo Echigo ga ni-sanbon

well, old umbrellas
are always stocked at Echigoya store,
two or three of them



Echigoya had printed his shop crest on each umbrella and gave them to customers for cheap advertisement.

. Edo Echigoya 越後屋 and Mitsui　三井 .



四、五人に当たり古傘伊勢屋売り
shi-go nin ni atari furugasa Iseya uri

five or six persons work
at an old umbrella and then
Iseya sells them


. senryu, senryū 川柳　Senryu in Edo .



CLICK for more photos !

- - - - - - - - - -

- Yosa Buson was very fond of umbrellas -

古傘の婆娑としぐるゝ月夜哉
古傘の婆裟と月夜のしぐれ哉
furugasa no basa to shigururu tsuki yo kana

old umbrella
glistening in a winter shower
tonight the moon wears a halo . . .
Tr. Cheryl A. Crowley

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.


furugasa ni kufuu no tsukanu kagashi kana

this old umbrella
is not even suited for making
a scarecrow . . .
Tr. Gabi Greve

The cut marker KANA is at the end of line 3.




source :　blogs.yahoo.co.jp/shashunsei

しぐるゝや用意かしこき傘二本


. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

- - - - - - - - - -

. Recycling and Reuse in Edo - 江戸の　リサイクル .

. Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 shokunin .


source : gimp2-how-to-use.blogspot.jp ...

kasashi, kasa-shi　傘師 making umbrellas


source : nwn.jp/old/kakokizi
A scene from Edo Honcho (Motomachi) 本町九丁目 about 200 years ago.
There were about 20 shops making and selling umbrellas.

One type was matsubagasa (matsuba-gasa) 松葉傘,
the other Kishuugasa 紀州傘 Kishu-gasa.

The bamboo support was made in the back of the shop. There was a pot to keep the nori 糊 glue, which was applied with a special brush on the bamboo to secure the paper. In the front of the shop craftsmen were painting the umbrellas with oil 油引き, to make them water-proof. Others were adding the special top paper 頭紙.
The finished umbrellas were spread out on the roadside to dry.

kasa hari 傘張り gluing paper to umbrellas
was also a side business of poor Samurai.


source :　ameblo.jp/edo-sanpo

. kasa hari 傘張り gluing paper to umbrellas in Edo .


The three most famous Japanese umbrellas were from Gifu, Kanazawa and Kishu.

岐阜和傘 Gifu wagasa
金沢和傘 Kanazawa wagasa
紀州和傘 Kishu wagasa

Kishuu wagasa 紀州和傘 Umbrella from Kishu (Wakayama)


source : myamato.exblog.jp/23827061 ..

They were made in Wakayama, 海南市 Kainan-Town, 日方 Higata.

The paper they used was
保田紙 Yasudagami - Yasuda-gami
or
高野山紙 / 高野紙 Koyagami - Koya-gami
which was introduced by Kobo Daishi Kukai according to Chinese know-how.
This paper was also used for hand fans.



『寂蓮法師』 Priest Jakuren with Umbrella

Jakuren (1139 - 1202) - Poet from the Hyakunin Isshu 百人一首
歌川国芳 - Utagawa Kuniyoshi
- reference : wikipedia -



CLICK for more photos !
葛飾北斎
Some of the umbrellas have the large numbers of a Bangasa.

雨の日には「笠」から「傘」へ
蛇の目傘（じゃのめがさ） / 番傘（ばんがさ）
端折傘（つまおりがさ） tsumaorigasa
傘がないときはどうする？
- MORE photos of umbrellas from the Edo period :
- source : edo-g.com/blog/2016/06/rain.html -


. Join the Ukiyo-E friends on facebook ! .




:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.

EDO - masu measuring cup and makers

http://darumasan.blogspot.jp/2011/09/masu-measuring-cup.html

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Masu 升 measuring cup

measuring box



Masumasu Daruma 升々だるま






masumasu　ますます 【益々】/　 升ます
... is an expression for things getting better and better.

The Chinese character is also read as

shoo しょう【升】

One sho-bottle is 1.8 liters, for example.





masuzake, masu sake 升酒 rice wine served in a wooden masu

The boxes can be made to order with an inscription for an auspicious occasion, like a wedding or company event.





Cheers to a wedding, with sake from boxes and a Daruma barrel!


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::



quote
A masu (枡) was originally a square wooden box used to measure rice in Japan during the feudal period. Masu existed in many sizes, typically covering the range from one to (一斗枡 ittomasu, c. 1.8L) to five gō (五合枡 gogōmasu, c. 0.9L).
One masu was supposedly enough rice to feed a person for one day.

Today masu are largely used for drinking sake, as the advent of modern rice cookers and a higher calorie diet in Japan has made them impractical for measuring portions of rice, and the standard size is one gō, or 0.18039L.

A small (2.5 in x 2.5 in x 2.25 in h), lidded form of masu, made of hinoki, is sold for serving pepper, salt, sugar, and other dry condiments at the table.
source : wikipedia

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Edo craftsmen　江戸の職人 shokunin .

masushi, masu shi　枡師　making Masu measuring cup

There were seven different sizes for Masu in Edo:
１合、２合５勺、５合、１升、５升、７升、１斗。

Big ones for measuring rice or other grains had a handle on the outside
or a wooden handle from one corner to the opposite corner.


tsurukake masu 弦掛枡

Masu without a Tsurukake were called
kijimasu 木地枡
and used for measuring Sake, oil, salt etc.



They were made mainly from the wood of hinoki 檜 cypress, sugi 杉 cedar wood was also used.
In the Heian period, every 荘園 lord of a manor had his own Masu made.
豊臣秀吉 Toyotomi Hideyoshi ordered the


Kyoomasu 京枡 Kyoto-Masu （十合枡）to be used in all of Japan.


Hideyoshi and the Kyomasu
(scene from Sanadamaru NHK TV Jidaigeki)

After Tokugawa Ieyasu was in firm control of the Edo Bakufu government, he ordered the
Edo masu 江戸枡
to be used.
All the other domains used their own Masu and to unify the whole lot, the Bakufu decided in 1667 to use the Kyomasu in all of Japan.
Special offices, called 枡座 Masu-Za, where set up in Edo and Kyoto to supervise the size and punish any offenders.
The Head of the Kyoto Masuza was the carpenter 福井作左衛門 Fukui Sakuzaemon
and in Edo 樽屋藤左衛門 / 樽屋与左衛門 Taruya Yozaemon .
They had to make the official Masu, burn a seal into the wood and bring them to the market for sale. All other Masu were forbidden.
Since the Kyo-Masu was slightly larger than the Edo-Masu, the government was able to increase its income by just that much!


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::





masumasu - may the money get more and more

Piggy Bank (chokin bako　　貯金箱)





. Masu at Temple Okubo-Ji, Shikoku .

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

kigo for late autumn

masu ichi 枡市（ますいち）masu measure cups market
at Sumiyoshi Shrine, Osaka



升買て分別かはる月見かな
masu katte funbetsu kawaru tsukimi kana

I bought a measuring box
which made me change my mind
about moon viewing . . .

Matsuo Basho in Osaka, at a Masu Market 升市

Details are HERE
. Sumiyoshi Jinja 住吉神社 . 　


:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::


sakadaru 酒樽　sake barrel, sake cask
sakedaru




. Sake, Ricewine and Daruma .


. Sakadaru with Mount Fujisan 富士山.

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　


more and more
good luck in your cup -
Happy New Year


益々福が増す升　－masumasu fuku ga masu masu


source :　diary2009



fukumasu, fuku masu 福枡 auspicious masu


with Mount Fuji, for the first drink of sacred sake at New Year





. Shoobai Hanjoo 商売繁盛 good business .
fukuzeni, fuku zeni 福銭 auspicious coin

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　


御命講や油のような酒五升
Omeikoo ya abura no yoo na sake go masu

Omeiko ceremony -
rice wine like oil
in five masu cups

. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


This is a kind of sweet, strong and delicious rice wine.
It was a favorite drink of Saint Nichiren and is now still offered to him.

omeiko, Omeikō 御命講 memorial service
for Saint Nichiren　日蓮
. Saint Nichiren .



:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::　

. Amulets and Talismans from Japan .　


[ . BACK to DARUMA　MUSEUM　TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

Matsuo Basho

春立つや新年ふるき米五升
haru tatsu ya shinnen furuki kome goshoo

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
.